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2018 AMC 10A Problem 11

Problem 11 of 25IntermediateCounting & Probability

When 77 fair standard 66-sided dice are thrown, the probability that the sum of the numbers on the top faces is 1010 can be written as n67,\dfrac{n}{6^{7}}, where nn is a positive integer. What is n?n?

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Solution

We can use stars and bars to find n.n. It is the same as finding the number of ways to put 1010 balls into 77 boxes, where each box has at least one ball. The formula for such a scenario is (n1k1), \binom{n - 1}{k - 1}, where nn is the number of balls and kk is the number of boxes. No die can exceed 44 in a sum of 1010 from seven positive rolls, so the upper bound of 66 creates no additional restriction. The desired answer is therefore (96)=(93)=84. \binom{9}{6} = \binom{9}{3} = 84. Thus, E is the correct answer.

More practice

Concepts: dice (probability) · stars and bars

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.