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2018 AMC 12A Problem 23

Problem 23 of 25HarderGeometry

In △PAT,\triangle PAT, ∠P=36∘,\angle P = 36^\circ, ∠A=56∘,\angle A = 56^\circ, and PA=10.PA = 10. Points UU and GG lie on sides TP‾\overline{TP} and TA‾,\overline{TA}, respectively, so that PU=AG=1.PU = AG = 1. Let MM and NN be the midpoints of segments PA‾\overline{PA} and UG‾,\overline{UG}, respectively. What is the degree measure of the acute angle formed by lines MNMN and PA?PA?

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Solution

Extend PNPN through NN to QQ with PN=NQ.PN = NQ. Since NN is the midpoint of UGUG and of PQ,PQ, the quadrilateral UPGQUPGQ is a parallelogram, so GQ∥PTGQ \parallel PT and GQ=PU=1=AG.GQ = PU = 1 = AG. Then ∠QGA\angle QGA =180∘−∠T= 180^\circ - \angle T =∠P+∠A= \angle P + \angle A =36∘+56∘=92∘,= 36^\circ + 56^\circ = 92^\circ, and the isosceles triangle QGAQGA gives ∠QAG=12(180∘−92∘)=44∘.\angle QAG = \tfrac12(180^\circ - 92^\circ) = 44^\circ. Because M,NM, N are midpoints, MNMN is a midline of △QPA,\triangle QPA, so MN∥AQMN \parallel AQ and ∠NMP=∠QAP=∠QAG+∠GAP=44∘+56∘=100∘. \begin{aligned} \angle NMP &= \angle QAP \\ &= \angle QAG + \angle GAP \\ &= 44^\circ + 56^\circ = 100^\circ. \end{aligned} The acute angle between line MNMN and PAPA is therefore 180∘−100∘=80∘.180^\circ - 100^\circ = 80^\circ. Thus, the correct answer is E.
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Tagged: angle chasing · midpoint · parallelogram

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