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2013 AMC 10A Problem 24

Problem 24 of 25HarderCounting & Probability

Central High School is competing against Northern High School in a backgammon match. Each school has three players, and the contest rules require that each player play two games against each of the other school’s players. The match takes place in six rounds, with three games played simultaneously in each round. In how many different ways can the match be scheduled?

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Solution

Label Central’s players A,B,CA,B,C and Northern’s players X,Y,ZX,Y,Z. Player AA’s six-round opponent string contains two each of X,Y,ZX,Y,Z, so it can be chosen in 6!2!2!2!=90\frac{6!}{2!2!2!}=90 ways. For a fixed AA-string, say XXYYZZXXYYZZ, player BB’s string must also contain two each of X,Y,ZX,Y,Z and cannot match AA’s opponent in any position. If BB’s first two entries are Y,ZY,Z in either order, then the middle two entries must be X,ZX,Z in either order and the last two must be X,YX,Y in either order, giving 23=82^3=8 strings. The two remaining possibilities are YYZZXXYYZZXX and ZZXXYYZZXXYY, for 1010 total BB-strings. Once AA and BB are scheduled, CC’s schedule is forced. Hence there are 9010=90090\cdot10=900 schedules. Thus, E is the correct answer.

More practice

Concepts: arrangements with restrictions · multiset permutations · casework

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.