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2015 AMC 10B Problem 21

Problem 21 of 25HarderAlgebraNumber Theory

Cozy the Cat and Dash the Dog are going up a staircase with a certain number of steps. However, instead of walking up the steps one at a time, both Cozy and Dash jump. Cozy goes two steps up with each jump (though if necessary, he will just jump the last step). Dash goes five steps up with each jump (though if necessary, he will just jump the last steps if there are fewer than 55 steps left). Suppose Dash takes 1919 fewer jumps than Cozy to reach the top of the staircase. Let ss denote the sum of all possible numbers of steps this staircase can have. What is the sum of the digits of s?s?

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Solution

Suppose Dash takes d+1d+1 jumps. Then the number of steps tt is one of 5d+1,5d+2,5d+3,5d+4,5d+5. \begin{gathered} 5d+1,5d+2,5d+3, \\ 5d+4,5d+5. \end{gathered} Cozy takes 1919 more jumps, so Cozy takes d+20d+20 jumps, which means tt is either 2d+392d+39 or 2d+402d+40. Matching these possibilities, the integer solutions are 5d+3=2d+39,5d+1=2d+40,5d+4=2d+40. \begin{gathered} 5d+3=2d+39, \\ 5d+1=2d+40, \\ 5d+4=2d+40. \end{gathered} They give t=63,66,64t=63,66,64, respectively. Thus s=63+66+64=193s=63+66+64=193, and the sum of its digits is 1313. Thus, the correct answer is D.

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