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2019 AMC 10A Problem 18

Problem 18 of 25IntermediateAlgebraArithmetic

For some positive integer k,k, the repeating base-kk representation of the (base-ten) fraction 751\dfrac{7}{51} is 0.23‾k=0.232323...k.0.\overline{23}_k = 0.232323..._k. What is k?k?

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Solution

The repeating base-kk fraction is 2k−1+3k−22k^{-1}+3k^{-2} +2k−3+3k−4+⋯+2k^{-3}+3k^{-4}+\cdots. Grouping odd and even powers gives 2(k−1+k−3+⋯ )+3(k−2+k−4+⋯ ). \begin{aligned} &2(k^{-1}+k^{-3}+\cdots) \\ &\quad {}+3(k^{-2}+k^{-4}+\cdots). \end{aligned} Using geometric series, these sums are 2kk2−1\dfrac{2k}{k^2-1} and 3k2−1\dfrac{3}{k^2-1}, so 0.23‾k=2k+3k2−10.\overline{23}_k=\dfrac{2k+3}{k^2-1}. Setting 2k+3k2−1=751\dfrac{2k+3}{k^2-1}=\dfrac{7}{51} gives 51(2k+3)=7(k2−1)51(2k+3)=7(k^2-1), so 7k2−102k−160=07k^2-102k-160=0. Hence k=16k=16. Thus, D is the correct answer.
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Tagged: number base · repeating decimal · geometric sequence

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