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2019 AMC 10A Problem 18

Problem 18 of 25IntermediateAlgebraNumber Theory

For some positive integer k,k, the repeating base-kk representation of the (base-ten) fraction 751\dfrac{7}{51} is 0.23k=0.232323...k.0.\overline{23}_k = 0.232323..._k. What is k?k?

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Solution

The repeating base-kk fraction is 2k1+3k22k^{-1}+3k^{-2} +2k3+3k4++2k^{-3}+3k^{-4}+\cdots. Grouping odd and even powers gives 2(k1+k3+)+3(k2+k4+). \begin{aligned} &2(k^{-1}+k^{-3}+\cdots) \\ &\quad {}+3(k^{-2}+k^{-4}+\cdots). \end{aligned} Using geometric series, these sums are 2kk21\dfrac{2k}{k^2-1} and 3k21\dfrac{3}{k^2-1}, so 0.23k=2k+3k210.\overline{23}_k=\dfrac{2k+3}{k^2-1}. Setting 2k+3k21=751\dfrac{2k+3}{k^2-1}=\dfrac{7}{51} gives 51(2k+3)=7(k21)51(2k+3)=7(k^2-1), so 7k2102k160=07k^2-102k-160=0. Hence k=16k=16. Thus, D is the correct answer.

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Concepts: number base · repeating decimal · geometric sequence

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