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2013 AMC 12A Problem 25

Problem 25 of 25HarderAlgebraGeometry

Let f:C→Cf : \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C} be defined by f(z)=z2+iz+1.f(z) = z^2 + iz + 1. How many complex numbers zz are there such that Im⁡(z)>0\operatorname{Im}(z) \gt 0 and both the real and the imaginary parts of f(z)f(z) are integers with absolute value at most 10?10?

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Solution

On the upper half-plane H,H, if f(z1)=f(z2)f(z_1) = f(z_2) then (z1−z2)(z1+z2+i)=0;(z_1 - z_2)(z_1 + z_2 + i) = 0; since Im⁡(z1),Im⁡(z2)>0,\operatorname{Im}(z_1), \operatorname{Im}(z_2) \gt 0, the factor z1+z2+i≠0,z_1 + z_2 + i \ne 0, so ff is one-to-one on H.H. For real r,r, the boundary values f(r)=r2+1+irf(r)=r^2+1+ir trace the parabola Re⁡(w)=(Im⁡(w))2+1.\operatorname{Re}(w)=(\operatorname{Im}(w))^2+1. Since f(i)=−1f(i)=-1 lies to its left and ff is continuous and one-to-one on H,H, its image consists precisely of the values ww satisfying Re⁡(w)<(Im⁡(w))2+1.\operatorname{Re}(w)<(\operatorname{Im}(w))^2+1. Thus we count w=a+ibw = a + ib with a,b∈Z,a, b \in \mathbb{Z}, ∣a∣,∣b∣≤10,|a|, |b| \le 10, and a<b2+1:a \lt b^2 + 1: ∣S∣=212−∑b=−33(10−b2)=441−42=399. \begin{gathered} |S| = 21^2 \\ {}- \sum_{b=-3}^{3}(10 - b^2) \\ = 441 - 42 = 399. \end{gathered} Thus, the correct answer is A.
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