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2007/08 AHSMC Part 1 Problem 8

Problem 8 of 16

The number of polynomials pp with integral coefficients such that p(9)=13p(9) = 13 and p(13)=20p(13) = 20 is

Answer choices

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Solution

Suppose there exists such a polynomial pp. Since an−bna^n - b^n is divisible by a−ba - b for all positive integers aa, bb and nn with a≠ba \ne b, 13−913 - 9 must divide p(13)−p(9)p(13) - p(9). However, 44 does not divide 77, and we have a contradiction. The answer is (A). A parity argument also works.