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2006 AMC 10A Problem 25

Problem 25 of 25HarderCounting & Probability

A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the bug will have visited every vertex exactly once?

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Solution

After 77 moves there are 37=21873^7 = 2187 equally likely walks. A successful walk visits every vertex exactly once. Label the cube’s vertices by binary triples, with adjacent vertices differing in one coordinate. There are 33 choices for the first move and 22 for the second move if the bug is not to return to its starting point. By symmetry, fix these first moves as 000100110.000\to100\to110. The successful continuations are exactly 110111101001011010, \begin{aligned} 110&\to111\to101\\ &\to001\to011\to010, \end{aligned} 110010011001101111, \begin{aligned} 110&\to010\to011\\ &\to001\to101\to111, \end{aligned} and 110010011111101001. \begin{aligned} 110&\to010\to011\\ &\to111\to101\to001. \end{aligned} Thus each allowed pair of first moves has 33 successful continuations, giving 323=183\cdot2\cdot3=18 successful walks. The probability is 182187=2243.\frac{18}{2187} = \frac{2}{243}. Thus, the correct answer is C.

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Concepts: graph theory · basic probability · casework

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.