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2010 AMC 12B Problem 17

Problem 17 of 25IntermediateCounting & Probability

The entries in a 3×33\times3 array include all the digits from 11 through 9,9, arranged so that the entries in every row and column are in increasing order. How many such arrays are there?

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Solution

Write aija_{ij} for the entry in row i,i, column j.j. The conditions force a11=1,a_{11}=1, a33=9,a_{33}=9, and a22{4,5,6}.a_{22}\in\{4,5,6\}. If a22=4,a_{22}=4, then {a12,a21}={2,3}\{a_{12},a_{21}\}=\{2,3\} and {5,6,7,8}\{5,6,7,8\} split as complementary pairs filling the rest of the last row and column: (42)=6\binom42=6 splits times 22 orders for {2,3}\{2,3\} gives 1212 arrays. By symmetry a22=6a_{22}=6 also gives 12.12. If a22=5,a_{22}=5, then {a12,a13,a23}\{a_{12},a_{13},a_{23}\} and {a21,a31,a32}\{a_{21},a_{31},a_{32}\} are complementary subsets of {2,3,4,6,7,8}\{2,3,4,6,7,8\} subject to the ordering constraints. The first set can be any three-element subset except {2,3,4}\{2,3,4\} or {6,7,8},\{6,7,8\}, giving (63)2=18\binom63-2=18 arrays. Altogether 12+12+18=42.12+12+18=42. Thus, the correct answer is D.

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Concepts: arrangements with restrictions · casework

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