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2012 AMC 12A Problem 21

Problem 21 of 25HarderAlgebraNumber Theory

Let a,a, b,b, and cc be positive integers with a≥b≥ca \ge b \ge c such that a2−b2−c2+ab=2011a^2 - b^2 - c^2 + ab = 2011 and a2+3b2+3c2−3ab−2ac−2bc=−1997. \begin{aligned} &a^2 + 3b^2 + 3c^2 \\ &\quad {}- 3ab - 2ac - 2bc = -1997. \end{aligned} What is a?a?

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Solution

Adding the two equations gives 2a2+2b2+2c22a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 −2ab−2bc−2ca=14,- 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 14, that is, (a−b)2+(b−c)2+(c−a)2=14. \begin{aligned} &(a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 \\ &\quad {}+ (c-a)^2 = 14. \end{aligned} The only way to write 1414 as a sum of three squares is 9+4+1.9 + 4 + 1. Since a≥b≥c,a \ge b \ge c, we get a−c=3,a - c = 3, with either (a−b,b−c)=(2,1)(a-b, b-c) = (2,1) or (1,2).(1,2). Substituting (a,b,c)=(c+3,c+1,c)(a, b, c) = (c+3, c+1, c) into the first equation gives 3(2c+3)+2(c+1)=2011,3(2c+3) + 2(c+1) = 2011, so c=250c = 250 and (a,b,c)=(253,251,250).(a, b, c) = (253, 251, 250). The other case has no integer solution. Thus, the correct answer is E.
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Tagged: algebraic manipulation · system of equations · Diophantine Equation

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