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2016 AMC 12B Problem 21

Problem 21 of 25HarderAlgebraGeometry

Let ABCDABCD be a unit square. Let Q1Q_1 be the midpoint of CD‾.\overline{CD}. For i=1,i=1, 2,2, …,\ldots, let PiP_i be the intersection of AQi‾\overline{AQ_i} and BD‾,\overline{BD}, and let Qi+1Q_{i+1} be the foot of the perpendicular from PiP_i to CD‾.\overline{CD}. What is ∑i=1∞Area of △DQiPi? \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\text{Area of }\triangle DQ_iP_i?

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Solution

Place D=(0,0),D=(0,0), C=(1,0),C=(1,0), B=(1,1),B=(1,1), A=(0,1),A=(0,1), and let qi=DQi.q_i=DQ_i. Intersecting line AQiAQ_i with BD‾\overline{BD} (the line y=xy=x) gives PiP_i with both coordinates qi1+qi,\dfrac{q_i}{1+q_i}, so qi+1=qi1+qi.q_{i+1}=\dfrac{q_i}{1+q_i}. From q1=12q_1=\tfrac12 this yields qi=1i+1.q_i=\dfrac{1}{i+1}. The base of △DQiPi\triangle DQ_iP_i is DQi=1i+1DQ_i=\dfrac{1}{i+1} and its height is the yy-coordinate of Pi,P_i, which is qi+1=1i+2.q_{i+1}=\dfrac{1}{i+2}. Then Area of △DQiPi=12⋅1i+1⋅1i+2=12(1i+1−1i+2). \begin{gathered} \text{Area of }\triangle DQ_iP_i=\tfrac12\cdot\dfrac{1}{i+1} \\ \quad{}\cdot\dfrac{1}{i+2} \\ {}=\tfrac12\left(\dfrac{1}{i+1}-\dfrac{1}{i+2}\right). \end{gathered} Summing telescopes to 12⋅12=14.\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac12=\tfrac14. Thus, the correct answer is B.
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