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2021 AMC 12B Problem 15

Problem 15 of 25IntermediateGeometry

The figure is constructed from 1111 line segments, each of which has length 2.2. The area of pentagon ABCDEABCDE can be written as m+n,\sqrt m+\sqrt n, where mm and nn are positive integers. What is m+n?m+n?

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Solution

The right interior point is distance 22 from A,A, B,B, and C,C, so these three points lie on a circle of radius 2.2. Chords ABAB and BCBC also have length 2,2, so each subtends 6060^\circ at the center. Thus AC=23.AC=2\sqrt3. Similarly, the other half is its mirror image. Put C=(1,0),C=(-1,0), D=(1,0),D=(1,0), and A=(0,11);A=(0,\sqrt{11}); then AC=AD=23.AC=AD=2\sqrt3. The other intersection of the radius-22 circles centered at AA and CC is B=(121123,112+123), B=\left(-\tfrac12-\tfrac{\sqrt{11}}{2\sqrt3}, \tfrac{\sqrt{11}}2+\tfrac{1}{2\sqrt3}\right), and EE is its reflection across the yy-axis. Applying the shoelace formula to A,B,C,D,EA,B,C,D,E gives [ABCDE]=11+23,[ABCDE]=\sqrt{11}+2\sqrt3, which equals 11+12.\sqrt{11}+\sqrt{12}. So m+n=11+12=23.m+n=11+12=23. Thus, the correct answer is D.

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Concepts: circle geometry · coordinate geometry · shoelace formula

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