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2022 AMC 12B Problem 12

Problem 12 of 25IntermediateCounting & Probability

Kayla rolls four fair 66-sided dice. What is the probability that at least one of the numbers Kayla rolls is greater than 44 and at least two of the numbers she rolls are greater than 2?2?

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Solution

Sort each die into low {1,2},\{1,2\}, mid {3,4},\{3,4\}, or high {5,6};\{5,6\}; each has probability 13,\tfrac13, so the 34=813^4 = 81 category patterns are equally likely. We need at least one high die (a number greater than 44) and at least two dice that are greater than 22 (mid or high). The two bad events are having no high die and having at most one non-low die. There are 24=162^4 = 16 patterns of the first kind, 99 of the second kind, and 55 in their intersection. By inclusion-exclusion the count of good patterns is 81169+5=61.81 - 16 - 9 + 5 = 61. The probability is 6181.\dfrac{61}{81}. Thus, the correct answer is D.

More practice

Concepts: dice (probability) · complementary counting · inclusion-exclusion

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.