2022 AMC 12B Problem 23

Since $S_n$ is the integer formed by the low $n$ bits, the condition $7S_n \equiv 1$ means $S_n \equiv 7^{-1} \pmod{2^n}$ for every $n.$ Thus the digits $x_k$ are the base-$2$ digits of $\tfrac17$ as a $2$-adic number. Long division in base $2$ gives digits $x_0 = x_1 = x_2 = 1,$ and thereafter the block repeats with period $3:$ for $k \ge 1,$ $x_k = 0$ exactly when $k$ is divisible by $3,$ and $x_k = 1$ otherwise. Since $2019$ and $2022$ are both divisible by $3,$ while $2020 \equiv 1$ and $2021 \equiv 2 \pmod 3,$ we get $x_{2019} = 0,$ $x_{2020} = 1,$ $x_{2021} = 1,$ $x_{2022} = 0.$ The sum is $0 + 2 + 4 + 0 = 6.$ Thus, the correct answer is A.