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2024 AMC 12B Problem 11

Problem 11 of 25IntermediateAlgebraGeometry

Let xn=sin2(n).x_n = \sin^2(n^\circ). What is the mean of x1,x_1, x2,x_2, x3,x_3, ,\ldots, x90?x_{90}?

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Solution

Using sin2θ=1cos2θ2,\sin^2\theta = \dfrac{1 - \cos 2\theta}{2}, n=190sin2(n)=90212n=190cos(2n). \begin{aligned} \sum_{n=1}^{90} \sin^2(n^\circ) &= \frac{90}{2} \\ &\quad {}- \frac12 \sum_{n=1}^{90}\cos(2n^\circ). \end{aligned} In the cosine sum, the terms for nn and 90n90 - n satisfy cos(2n)+cos(1802n)=0,\cos(2n^\circ) + \cos(180^\circ - 2n^\circ) = 0, and cos90=0,\cos 90^\circ = 0, so everything cancels except cos180=1.\cos 180^\circ = -1. Hence the sum is 4512(1)=45.5,45 - \tfrac12(-1) = 45.5, and the mean is 45.590=91180.\dfrac{45.5}{90} = \dfrac{91}{180}. Thus, the correct answer is E.

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Concepts: trigonometric identity · mean · symmetry

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.