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2006/07 AHSMC Part 1 Problem 13

Problem 13 of 16

Consider all polynomials whose coefficients are all integers, whose roots include 32\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} and 23\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3} and whose degree is as small as possible. Among the coefficients of these polynomials, the smallest positive coefficient is

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Solution

Since 23\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3} and 32\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} are roots, we must also have −23-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3} and −32-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} as roots in order to have rational coefficients. Thus the degree of the polynomial cannot be less than 44, but 44 is sufficient. Of these polynomials, the one with 11 as the leading coefficient is (x−23)(x+23)(x−32)(x+32)=(x2−29)(x2−34)=x4−3536x2+16. \left(x - \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\right)\left(x + \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\right)\left(x - \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\left(x + \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) = \left(x^2 - \dfrac{2}{9}\right)\left(x^2 - \dfrac{3}{4}\right) = x^4 - \dfrac{35}{36}x^2 + \dfrac{1}{6}. Since we want integral coefficients, we clear the denominators to obtain 36x4−35x2+636x^4 - 35x^2 + 6. Since the coefficients are relatively prime (though not pairwise relatively prime) and the smallest absolute value among the coefficients is 66, the smallest positive coefficient is also 66. The answer is (b).