Skip to main content

2025 AMC 10A Problem 19

Problem 19 of 25HarderAlgebraNumber TheoryProblem-Solving Techniques

An array of numbers is constructed beginning with the numbers −1,-1, 3,3, 11 in the top row. Each adjacent pair of numbers is summed to produce a number in the next row. Each row will begin and end with the numbers −1-1 and 1,1, respectively. The first three rows are shown below. If the process continues, one of the rows will sum to 12,288.12{,}288. In that row, what is the third number from the left?

Answer choices

Show solution

Solution

Each interior entry feeds two entries below, and the end values −1-1 and 11 cancel in the sum. So every row’s total doubles the one above. The top row sums to 3,3, and 12,288=3⋅212,12{,}288 = 3 \cdot 2^{12}, so this is the 1212th row (counting the top as row 00). Track the diagonals from the left. The second diagonal is 3,2,1,0,−1,…,3, 2, 1, 0, -1, \ldots, dropping by 11 each row. The third diagonal adds these up: for n≥4n \ge 4 it equals 7−(0+1+⋯+(n−4))7 - (0 + 1 + \cdots + (n-4)) =7−(n−4)(n−3)2.= 7 - \frac{(n-4)(n-3)}{2}. Plug in n=12n = 12: 7−8⋅92=−29.7 - \frac{8 \cdot 9}{2} = -29. Thus, A is the correct answer.
AoPS wiki

Tagged: recursion · triangular number · pattern recognition

More practice