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2025 AMC 10A Problem 25

Problem 25 of 25HarderGeometryCounting & Probability

A point PP is chosen at random inside square ABCD.ABCD. The probability that APAP is neither the shortest nor the longest side of APB\triangle APB can be written as a+bπcde,\dfrac{a + b\pi - c\sqrt{d}}{e}, where a,a, b,b, c,c, d,d, and ee are positive integers, gcd(a,b,c,e)=1,\gcd(a, b, c, e) = 1, and dd is not divisible by the square of a prime. What is a+b+c+d+e?a + b + c + d + e?

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Solution

Place A=(0,0)A = (0,0) and B=(1,0)B = (1,0) on the unit square. APAP is the middle length when BP<AP<ABBP \lt AP \lt AB or AB<AP<BP.AB \lt AP \lt BP. These regions are bounded by the circle centered at AA with radius 11 (where AP=ABAP = AB) and the line x=12x = \tfrac12 (where AP=BPAP = BP). Let SS be where the circle meets x=12.x = \tfrac12. Then ABS\triangle ABS is equilateral, so BAS=60.\angle BAS = 60^\circ. The larger region has area 4π3324\frac{4\pi - 3\sqrt3}{24} and the smaller has area 122π3324.\frac{12 - 2\pi - 3\sqrt3}{24}. They add to 6+π3312.\frac{6 + \pi - 3\sqrt3}{12}. Thus a+b+c+d+ea + b + c + d + e =6+1+3+3+12= 6 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 12 =25.= 25. Thus, A is the correct answer.

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Concepts: geometric probability · sector · equilateral triangle

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