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2003 AMC 12B Problem 19

Problem 19 of 25HarderCombinatoricsProbability & Statistics

Let SS be the set of permutations of the sequence 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 55 for which the first term is not 1.1. A permutation is chosen randomly from S.S. The probability that the second term is 2,2, in lowest terms, is ab.\frac{a}{b}. What is a+b?a + b?

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Solution

The set SS contains 4⋅4!=964 \cdot 4! = 96 permutations, since the first term has 44 choices and the remaining four terms can be arranged in 4!4! ways. For the second term to be 2,2, the first term must be 3,4,3, 4, or 55 (not 1,1, not 22), giving 33 choices, and the remaining three terms can be arranged in 3!3! ways: 3⋅3!=18.3 \cdot 3! = 18. The probability is 1896=316,\dfrac{18}{96} = \dfrac{3}{16}, so a+b=3+16=19.a + b = 3 + 16 = 19. Thus, the correct answer is E.
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