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2006 AMC 12B Problem 24

Problem 24 of 25HarderAlgebraGeometry

Let SS be the set of all points (x,y)(x, y) in the coordinate plane such that 0≤x≤π20 \le x \le \dfrac{\pi}{2} and 0≤y≤π2.0 \le y \le \dfrac{\pi}{2}. What is the area of the subset of SS for which sin⁡2x−sin⁡xsin⁡y+sin⁡2y≤34?\sin^2 x - \sin x \sin y + \sin^2 y \le \frac{3}{4}?

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Solution

Fixing y,y, solve sin⁡2x−sin⁡xsin⁡y+sin⁡2y=34\sin^2 x - \sin x \sin y + \sin^2 y = \dfrac34 as a quadratic in sin⁡x:\sin x: sin⁡x=12sin⁡y±32cos⁡y=sin⁡ ⁣(y±π3). \begin{aligned} &\sin x = \frac{1}{2}\sin y \\ &\quad {}\pm \frac{\sqrt3}{2}\cos y \\ &\quad = \sin\!\left(y \pm \frac{\pi}{3}\right). \end{aligned} Within S,S, sin⁡x=sin⁡ ⁣(y−π3)\sin x = \sin\!\left(y - \tfrac{\pi}{3}\right) gives the line x=y−π3,x = y - \tfrac{\pi}{3}, while sin⁡x=sin⁡ ⁣(y+π3)\sin x = \sin\!\left(y + \tfrac{\pi}{3}\right) gives x=y+π3x = y + \tfrac{\pi}{3} for y≤π6y \le \tfrac{\pi}{6} and x=−y+2π3x = -y + \tfrac{2\pi}{3} for y≥π6.y \ge \tfrac{\pi}{6}. These lines split SS into regions; testing the corners shows the inequality holds only in the middle band. Its area is (π2)2−12(π3)2−2⋅12(π6)2=π26. \begin{aligned} &\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)^2 - \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right)^2 \\ &\quad = \frac{\pi^2}{6}. \end{aligned} Thus, the correct answer is C.
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Tagged: trigonometric identity · quadratic · area

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