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2011 AMC 12A Problem 25

Problem 25 of 25HarderGeometryProblem-Solving Techniques

Triangle ABCABC has ∠BAC=60∘,\angle BAC = 60^\circ, ∠CBA≤90∘,\angle CBA \le 90^\circ, BC=1,BC = 1, and AC≥AB.AC \ge AB. Let H,H, I,I, and OO be the orthocenter, incenter, and circumcenter of △ABC,\triangle ABC, respectively. Assume that the area of the pentagon BCOIHBCOIH is the maximum possible. What is ∠CBA?\angle CBA?

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Solution

Write B=∠CBAB=\angle CBA and C=∠BCA=120∘−B.C=\angle BCA=120^\circ-B. Since AC≥AB,AC\ge AB, we have B≥C,B\ge C, so 60∘≤B≤90∘.60^\circ\le B\le90^\circ. The standard angle formulas give ∠BOC=2∠A=120∘,∠BHC=180∘−∠A=120∘,∠BIC=90∘+∠A2=120∘. \begin{aligned} \angle BOC&=2\angle A=120^\circ, \\ \angle BHC&=180^\circ-\angle A=120^\circ, \\ \angle BIC&=90^\circ+\dfrac{\angle A}{2}=120^\circ. \end{aligned} Hence B,C,O,I,HB,C,O,I,H lie on one circle. Also BC=1BC=1 and A=60∘A=60^\circ fix the circumradius OB=OC=13,OB=OC=\frac{1}{\sqrt3}, so △BCO\triangle BCO and the circle through B,C,OB,C,O are fixed. Angle chasing at CC gives ∠OCI=30∘−C2,∠ICH=30∘−C2. \begin{aligned} \angle OCI&=30^\circ-\dfrac C2, \\ \angle ICH&=30^\circ-\dfrac C2. \end{aligned} Thus the corresponding chords satisfy OI=IH.OI=IH. The pentagon’s area is the fixed area [BCO][BCO] plus [BOIH].[BOIH]. For two points dividing a fixed arc OB,OB, an inscribed quadrilateral has greatest area when its three consecutive subarcs are equal (equivalently, maximize the sum of their sines). Hence at the maximum OI=IH=HB.OI=IH=HB. In △BOC,\triangle BOC, ∠OCB=30∘.\angle OCB=30^\circ. Equal chords make ∠OCI=∠ICH,\angle OCI=\angle ICH, ∠ICH=∠HCB,\angle ICH=\angle HCB, and each of these angles is 10∘.10^\circ. Therefore 30∘−C2=10∘,30^\circ-\tfrac C2=10^\circ, so C=40∘C=40^\circ and B=80∘.B=80^\circ. Thus, the correct answer is D.
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Tagged: circumcircle, circumcenter, and circumradius · optimization · trigonometry

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