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2014 AMC 12A Problem 24

Problem 24 of 25HarderAlgebraCounting & Probability

Let f0(x)=x+x100f_0(x)=x+|x-100| x+100,-|x+100|, and for n1,n\ge1, let fn(x)=fn1(x)1.f_n(x)=|f_{n-1}(x)|-1. For how many values of xx is f100(x)=0?f_{100}(x)=0?

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Solution

If fn1(x)=±k,f_{n-1}(x)=\pm k, then fn(x)=k1.f_n(x)=k-1. So if f0(x)=±kf_0(x)=\pm k for a nonnegative integer k,k, then fk(x)=0,f_k(x)=0, after which the sequence alternates 0,1,0,0,-1,0,\ldots Thus f100(x)=0f_{100}(x)=0 exactly when f0(x)=2kf_0(x)=2k for some integer 50k50.-50\le k\le50. Now f0(x)=x+x100f_0(x)=x+|x-100| x+100-|x+100| equals x+200x+200 for x<100,x\lt-100, x-x for 100x<100,-100\le x\lt100, and x200x-200 for x100.x\ge100. Its graph is piecewise linear with turning points (100,100)(-100,100) and (100,100).(100,-100). A line y=2ky=2k meets this graph three times for 49k49-49\le k\le49 and twice for k=±50.k=\pm50. The total is 993+22=301.99\cdot3+2\cdot2=301. Thus, the correct answer is C.

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