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2019 AMC 12A Problem 15

Problem 15 of 25IntermediateAlgebraNumber TheoryProblem-Solving Techniques

Positive real numbers aa and bb have the property that log⁡a+log⁡b+log⁡a+log⁡b=100 \begin{aligned} &\sqrt{\log a} + \sqrt{\log b} \\ &\quad {}+ \log \sqrt{a} + \log \sqrt{b} = 100 \end{aligned} and all four terms on the left are positive integers, where log⁡\log denotes the base 1010 logarithm. What is ab?ab?

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Solution

Let log⁡a=p\sqrt{\log a} = p and log⁡b=q,\sqrt{\log b} = q, so log⁡a=p2\log a = p^2 and log⁡a=p22.\log\sqrt{a} = \dfrac{p^2}{2}. For this to be an integer, pp is even; likewise q.q. Writing p=2m,p = 2m, q=2n,q = 2n, the equation p+q+p22+q22=100p + q + \dfrac{p^2}{2} + \dfrac{q^2}{2} = 100 becomes m(m+1)+n(n+1)=50.m(m+1) + n(n+1) = 50. The only solution is {m,n}={4,5},\{m, n\} = \{4, 5\}, giving log⁡(ab)=p2+q2\log(ab) = p^2 + q^2 =4(16+25)=164.= 4(16 + 25) = 164. Therefore ab=10164.ab = 10^{164}. Thus, the correct answer is D.
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