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2019 AMC 10B Problem 25

Problem 25 of 25HarderCounting & Probability

How many sequences of 00s and 11s of length 1919 are there that begin with a 0,0, end with a 0,0, contain no two consecutive 00s, and contain no three consecutive 11s?

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Solution

Our sequence starts with a 00 then has sequences of 110110 and 1010 in some order, where they each come after a 0.0. Let the number of 110110 be xx and let the number of 1010 be y.y. Then the number of terms in the sequence is 3x+2y+1=19,3x+2y+1=19, making 3x+2y=18.3x+2y=18. The possible ordered pairs are (x,y)=(6,0),(4,3),(2,6),(0,9). \begin{aligned} (x,y)&=(6,0),(4,3),\\ &\quad(2,6),(0,9). \end{aligned} Then, the number of ways to order the x+yx+y blocks is (x+yx),\binom{x+y}x, since we choose which xx of the x+yx+y positions hold a 110110 block. Therefore, the total number of ways is (66)+(74)+(82)+(90)\binom 66 + \binom 74 + \binom 82 + \binom 90=1+35+28+1=1+35+28+1=65.=65. Thus, the answer is C .

More practice

Concepts: arrangements with restrictions · partitions and compositions · combinations

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.