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2021 AMC 10B Problem 20

Problem 20 of 25HarderGeometry

The figure below is constructed from 1111 line segments, each of which has length 2.2. The area of pentagon ABCDEABCDE can be written as m+n,\sqrt{m} + \sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers. What is m+n?m + n ?

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Solution

Let FF be the unlabeled point joined to A,B,A,B, and C.C. Because all the drawn segments have length 2,2, triangles ABFABF and CBFCBF are equilateral and lie on opposite sides of BF.BF. Hence ABC=120,\angle ABC=120^\circ, so [ABC]=1222sin120=3.[ABC]=\frac12\cdot2\cdot2\sin120^\circ=\sqrt3. The same reasoning on the other side gives [ADE]=3.[ADE]=\sqrt3. Also, the Law of Cosines in ABC\triangle ABC gives AC2=12,AC^2=12, and similarly AD2=12.AD^2=12. Thus the altitude of isosceles triangle ACDACD to its base CD=2CD=2 is (12)212=11.\sqrt{(\sqrt{12})^2-1^2}=\sqrt{11}. Therefore [ACD]=12211=11.[ACD]=\frac12\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{11}=\sqrt{11}. The pentagon’s total area is 12+11,\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{11}, so m+n=12+11=23.m+n=12+11=23. Thus, the answer is D .

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Concepts: area decomposition · equilateral triangle · special right triangle

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.