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2011/12 AHSMC Part 1 Problem 13

Problem 13 of 16

The largest real number mm such that (x2+y2)3>m(x3+y3)2(x^2 + y^2)^3 > m(x^3 + y^3)^2 for any positive real numbers xx and yy is

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Solution

Dividing throughout by y=1y = 1, we have (z2+1)3>m(z3+1)2(z^2 + 1)^3 > m(z^3 + 1)^2 where z=xyz = \frac{x}{y}. This is equivalent to (1−m)z6+3z4+(3−2m)z3+1−m>0 (1 - m)z^6 + 3z^4 + (3 - 2m)z^3 + 1 - m > 0 for any positive real zz. Hence it is necessary to have 1−m≥01 - m \ge 0, i.e. m≤1m \le 1. If we take m=1m = 1, the inequality (x2+y2)3≥(x3+y3)2(x^2 + y^2)^3 \ge (x^3 + y^3)^2 is equivalent to x2y2((x−y)2+2x2+2y2)>0, x^2 y^2\bigl((x - y)^2 + 2x^2 + 2y^2\bigr) > 0, which is clearly true. The answer is (C).