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2023/24 AHSMC Part 1 Problem 15

Problem 15 of 16

The coefficients of a polynomial P(x)P(x) are non-negative integers less than 100100. If P(10)=234667P(10) = 234667 and P(−10)=123487P(-10) = 123487 then the value of P(1)P(1) is

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Solution

If P(x)=a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3+a4x4+⋯P(x) = a_0 + a_1 x + a_2 x^2 + a_3 x^3 + a_4 x^4 + \cdots then P(10)+P(−10)2=179077=a0+a2102+a4104+⋯ ,P(10)−P(−10)2=55590=a110+a3103+a5105+⋯ .\begin{align*} \frac{P(10)+P(-10)}{2} &= 179077 = a_0 + a_2 10^2 + a_4 10^4 + \cdots, \\ \frac{P(10)-P(-10)}{2} &= 55590 = a_1 10 + a_3 10^3 + a_5 10^5 + \cdots. \end{align*} Thus a0=77a_0 = 77, a1=59a_1 = 59, a2=90a_2 = 90, a3=55a_3 = 55, a4=17a_4 = 17 and an=0a_n = 0 for n>4n > 4. Therefore P(1)=77+59+90+55+17=298P(1) = 77+59+90+55+17 = 298. The answer is (B).