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2023/24 AHSMC Part 1 Problem 8

Problem 8 of 16

The number of arrangements of 44, 55, 66, 88, 99, 1010, 1414 into a single row so that every pair of adjacent numbers in the arrangement has a common factor greater than 11 is

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Solution

Let X={4,5,6,8,9,10,14}X = \{4,5,6,8,9,10,14\}. The arrangement must start with 5,105,10 and end with 6,96,9, or start with 9,69,6 and end with 10,510,5, since gcd⁡(5,x)=1\gcd(5,x)=1 for every x∈Xx \in X except x=10x=10, and gcd⁡(9,x)=1\gcd(9,x)=1 for every x∈Xx \in X except x=6x=6. Every permutation of 4,8,144,8,14 between the 66 and 1010 works, since these five numbers are all even. Thus there are 2⋅3!=122 \cdot 3! = 12 such arrangements. The answer is (C).