2000 AMC 12 Problem 9

Problem 9 of 25EasierNumber Theory Probability & Statistics

Mrs. Walter gave an exam in a mathematics class of five students. She entered the scores in random order into a spreadsheet, which recalculated the class average after each score was entered. Mrs. Walter noticed that after each score was entered, the average was always an integer. The scores (listed in ascending order) were

71,

76,

80,

82,

and

91.

What was the last score Mrs. Walter entered?

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Solution

The total is

71 + 76 + 80 + 82 + 91 = 400,

which is divisible by

5.

The sum of the first three scores must be divisible by

3.

Modulo

3,

the scores are

2, 1, 2, 1, 1.

The only triple summing to a multiple of

3

76 + 82 + 91 = 249,

so these are the first three (with

91

third, since the first two,

76

and

82,

must have equal parity). Since

249 \equiv 1 \pmod 4,

the fourth score must be

\equiv 3 \pmod 4,

which is

71.

That leaves

80

as the last score entered. Thus, the correct answer is C.

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Tagged: divisibility · modular arithmetic · mean

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