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2003 AMC 12A Problem 16

Problem 16 of 25IntermediateGeometryCounting & Probability

A point PP is chosen at random in the interior of equilateral triangle ABC.ABC. What is the probability that ABP\triangle ABP has a greater area than each of ACP\triangle ACP and BCP?\triangle BCP?

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Solution

The triangles ABP,\triangle ABP, ACP,\triangle ACP, and BCP\triangle BCP have equal bases (the sides of the equilateral triangle), so their areas are proportional to the distances from PP to those sides. By the threefold symmetry of the equilateral triangle, ABP\triangle ABP is the largest with the same probability as each of the other two, so that probability is 13.\dfrac13. Thus, the correct answer is C.

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Concepts: geometric probability · triangle area · symmetry

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.