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2003 AMC 12A Problem 25

Problem 25 of 25HarderAlgebra

Let f(x)=ax2+bx.f(x) = \sqrt{ax^2 + bx}. For how many real values of aa is there at least one positive value of bb for which the domain of ff and the range of ff are the same set?

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Solution

If a=0,a=0, then f(x)=bxf(x)=\sqrt{bx} has domain and range both [0,),[0,\infty), so a=0a=0 works. If a>0,a\gt0, the domain is (,b/a][0,),({-}\infty,-b/a]\cup[0,\infty), while the range is [0,),[0,\infty), so no such bb exists. If a<0,a\lt0, the domain is [0,ba][0,-\frac{b}{a}] and the range is [0,b2a].\left[0,\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{-a}}\right]. Equating the right endpoints gives ba=b2a,-\dfrac ba=\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{-a}}, so 2a=a,2\sqrt{-a}=-a, giving a=4.a=-4. Thus there are 22 values of a,a, and the correct answer is C.

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Concepts: function · radical · casework

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