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2003 AMC 12A Problem 20

Problem 20 of 25HarderCounting & Probability

How many 1515-letter arrangements of 55 A’s, 55 B’s, and 55 C’s have no A’s in the first 55 letters, no B’s in the next 55 letters, and no C’s in the last 55 letters?

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Solution

Suppose the first block holds kk B’s and 5k5-k C’s. The remaining kk C’s must go in the second block (since the third has no C’s), forcing 5k5-k A’s there. Then the third block contains the remaining kk A’s and 5k5-k B’s. For each k,k, the kk B’s in the first block, kk C’s in the second, and kk A’s in the third can be placed in (5k)3\binom{5}{k}^3 ways, so the total is k=05(5k)3.\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^{5}\binom{5}{k}^3. Thus, the correct answer is A.

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Concepts: multiset permutations · combinations · casework

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.