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2004 AMC 12A Problem 23

Problem 23 of 25HarderAlgebra

A polynomial P(x)=c2004x2004+c2003x2003+⋯+c1x+c0 \begin{aligned} &P(x) = c_{2004} x^{2004} + c_{2003} x^{2003} \\ &\quad {}+ \cdots + c_1 x + c_0 \end{aligned} has real coefficients with c2004≠0c_{2004} \ne 0 and 20042004 distinct complex zeros zk=ak+bki,z_k = a_k + b_k i, 1≤k≤20041 \le k \le 2004 with aka_k and bkb_k real, a1=b1=0,a_1 = b_1 = 0, and ∑k=12004ak=∑k=12004bk.\sum_{k=1}^{2004} a_k = \sum_{k=1}^{2004} b_k. Which of the following quantities can be a nonzero number?

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Solution

Since z1=a1+b1i=0z_1 = a_1 + b_1 i = 0 is a root, c0=P(0)=0.c_0 = P(0) = 0. The nonreal zeros occur in conjugate pairs, so ∑bk=0,\sum b_k = 0, and the hypothesis then forces ∑ak=0.\sum a_k = 0. The coefficient c2003c_{2003} equals −c2004-c_{2004} times the sum of the roots ∑ak+i∑bk=0,\sum a_k + i \sum b_k = 0, so c2003=0.c_{2003} = 0. Because the degree is even, at least one of z2,…,z2004z_2, \ldots, z_{2004} is real, making one bk=0,b_k = 0, so b2b3⋯b2004=0.b_2 b_3 \cdots b_{2004} = 0. Thus (A) through (D) all must be 0.0. On the other hand, ∑k=12004ck=P(1),\sum_{k=1}^{2004} c_k = P(1), and a valid polynomial such as P(x)=x(x−2)(x−3)⋯P(x) = x(x - 2)(x - 3) \cdots ⋅(x−2003)\cdot (x - 2003) ⋅(x+∑k=22003k)\cdot \left(x + \sum_{k=2}^{2003} k\right) has P(1)≠0.P(1) \ne 0. So only ∑ck\sum c_k can be nonzero. Thus, the correct answer is E.
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Tagged: complex number · Vieta’s Formulas · polynomial

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