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2004 AMC 12A Problem 25

Problem 25 of 25HarderAlgebraNumber Theory

For each integer n4,n \ge 4, let ana_n denote the base-nn number 0.133n.0.\overline{133}_n. The product a4a5a99a_4 a_5 \ldots a_{99} can be expressed as mn!,\dfrac{m}{n!}, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is as small as possible. What is the value of m?m?

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Solution

Since n3an=133.133nn^3 \cdot a_n = 133.\overline{133}_n =an+n2+3n+3,= a_n + n^2 + 3n + 3, we get an=n2+3n+3n31=(n+1)31n(n31). \begin{aligned} a_n &= \dfrac{n^2 + 3n + 3}{n^3 - 1} \\ &= \dfrac{(n+1)^3 - 1}{n(n^3 - 1)}. \end{aligned} Writing n31=(n1)(n2+n+1)n^3 - 1 = (n - 1)(n^2 + n + 1) and (n+1)31(n+1)^3 - 1 =n((n+1)2+(n+1)+1),= n\big((n+1)^2 + (n+1) + 1\big), the product a4a5a99a_4 a_5 \cdots a_{99} telescopes to 3!99!10031431=3!99!99(1002+100+1)63. \begin{gathered} \dfrac{3!}{99!} \cdot \dfrac{100^3 - 1}{4^3 - 1} \\ {}= \dfrac{3!}{99!} \cdot \dfrac{99(100^2 + 100 + 1)}{63}. \end{gathered} This simplifies to (2)(10101)(21)(98!)=96298!.\dfrac{(2)(10101)}{(21)(98!)} = \dfrac{962}{98!}. If n97,n \le 97, then rewriting this fraction with denominator n!n! would require 9898 to divide 962,962, which it does not. Hence the smallest possible nn is 98,98, and m=962.m = 962. Thus, the correct answer is E.

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Concepts: number base · telescoping · sum and difference of cubes

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