2020 AMC 12B Problem 12

Place the center at the origin with $\overline{AB}$ on the $x$-axis; the radius is $R = 5\sqrt2,$ so $R^2 = 50.$ Then $E = (x_E, 0)$ with $x_E = R - 2\sqrt5$ (its exact value is not needed). Parametrize the chord as $E + t\left(\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}, \tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\right).$ Substituting into $x^2 + y^2 = 50$ gives $t^2 + \sqrt2\,x_E\, t + (x_E^2 - 50) = 0,$ whose roots are the signed distances $t_1, t_2$ to $C$ and $D.$ By Vieta, $t_1 + t_2 = -\sqrt2\,x_E$ and $t_1 t_2 = x_E^2 - 50,$ so $$\begin{gathered} CE^2 + DE^2 = t_1^2 + t_2^2 \\ {}= (t_1 + t_2)^2 - 2t_1 t_2 \\ {}= 2x_E^2 - 2(x_E^2 - 50) \\ {}= 100. \end{gathered}$$ Thus, the correct answer is E.