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2020 AMC 10A Problem 11

Problem 11 of 25IntermediateAlgebraNumber TheoryCounting & Probability

What is the median of the following list of 40404040 numbers? 1,2,3,,2020,12,22,32,,20202 \begin{aligned} &1,2,3,\ldots,2020,\\ &1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots,2020^2 \end{aligned}

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Solution

For a number near the median, the sorted list includes all ordinary integers up to that number and all squares up to that number. Since 442=193644^2=1936 and 452=202545^2=2025, there are 4444 squares not exceeding any number from 19361936 through 20202020. At 19751975, there are 1975+44=20191975+44=2019 list entries at most 19751975. At 19761976, there are 20202020 entries at most 19761976, so the 20202020th entry is 19761976, and the next is 19771977. The median is 1976.51976.5. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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Concepts: median (data) · perfect square · counting integers in a range

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.