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2021 Fall AMC 10A Problem 19

Problem 19 of 25HarderGeometry

A disk of radius 11 rolls all the way around the inside of a square of side length s>4s > 4 and sweeps out a region of area A.A. A second disk of radius 11 rolls all the way around the outside of the same square and sweeps out a region of area 2A.2A. The value of ss can be written as a+bπc,a+\dfrac{b\pi}{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers and bb and cc are relatively prime. What is a+b+c?a+b+c?

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Solution

The side length of the inner square traced out by the inner circle is s4.s - 4. There are also the small pieces remaining in the corner. These form a total area of (1+1)2π12=4π. (1 + 1)^2 - \pi 1^2 = 4 - \pi. Therefore, A=s2(s4)2(4π) A = s^2 - (s - 4)^2 - (4 - \pi) =8s20+π.= 8s - 20 + \pi. The outer disk traces out an area that is comprised of 44 rectangles and 44 quarter-circles. The rectangles have area s2=2s s \cdot 2 = 2s and the quarter-circles form a circle with radius 22 and area 4π.4 \pi. This gives us 2A=8s+4π. 2A = 8s + 4 \pi. Equating the two equations we get 8s+4π=2(8s20+π). 8s + 4 \pi = 2(8s - 20 + \pi). Solving yields 8s=40+2π 8s = 40 + 2 \pi s=5+π4. s = 5 + \dfrac{\pi}{4}. Thus, A is the correct answer.

More practice

Concepts: area decomposition · circle area

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