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2021 Fall AMC 12A Problem 22

Problem 22 of 25HarderCounting & Probability

Azar and Carl play a game of tic-tac-toe. Azar places an XX in one of the boxes in a 33-by-33 array of boxes, then Carl places an OO in one of the remaining boxes. After that, Azar places an XX in one of the remaining boxes, and so on until all 99 boxes are filled or one of the players has 33 of their symbols in a row — horizontal, vertical, or diagonal — whichever comes first, in which case that player wins the game. Suppose the players make their moves at random, rather than trying to follow a rational strategy, and that Carl wins the game when he places his third O.O. How many ways can the board look after the game is over?

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Solution

Carl wins on his third O,O, so the board has three OOs forming one of the 88 lines and three XXs in the other six cells. The XXs must not form a line (else Azar would have won first). If the OO line is a row or column (66 choices), the remaining six cells contain two full lines, so valid XX placements number (63)2=18.\binom{6}{3} - 2 = 18. If the OO line is a diagonal (22 choices), the remaining six cells contain no full line, giving (63)=20.\binom{6}{3} = 20. The total is 618+220=108+40=148.6\cdot 18 + 2\cdot 20 = 108 + 40 = 148. Thus, the correct answer is D.

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Concepts: casework · combinations · complementary counting

Problem text and solution from the LIVE past-contest archive. See also the AoPS wiki page for community solutions.