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2021 Fall AMC 10B Problem 12

Problem 12 of 25IntermediateAlgebraNumber Theory

Which of the following conditions is sufficient to guarantee that integers x,x, y,y, and zz satisfy the equation x(xy)+y(yz)+z(zx)x(x-y)+y(y-z)+z(z-x) =1?= 1?

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Solution

Let E=x(xy)+y(yz)E=x(x-y)+y(y-z) +z(zx).+z(z-x). Expanding gives 2E=(xy)2+(yz)2+(zx)2. \begin{aligned} 2E={}&(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2\\ &+(z-x)^2. \end{aligned} For the value to be 1,1, the three nonnegative square terms must sum to 2.2. Since x,y,zx,y,z are integers, this means the squared differences are 1,1,0.1,1,0. Thus two of the variables must be equal, and the third must differ from them by 1.1. The condition x=zx=z and y1=xy-1=x guarantees exactly that. Thus, the answer is D .

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Concepts: algebraic manipulation · Diophantine Equation

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