2021 Fall AMC 10B Problem 16
Problem 16 of 25IntermediateCounting & Probability
Five balls are arranged around a circle. Chris chooses two adjacent balls at random and interchanges them. Then Silva does the same, with her choice of adjacent balls to interchange being independent of Chris’s. What is the expected number of balls that occupy their original positions after these two successive transpositions?
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Solution
After Chris chooses an adjacent pair, Silva has equally likely adjacent pairs to choose.
If Silva chooses the same pair, all balls return to their original positions. This has probability
If Silva chooses a pair sharing exactly one ball with Chris’s pair, then balls are in their original positions. There are such pairs, so this has probability
If Silva chooses a disjoint adjacent pair, then ball is in its original position. This also has probability
The expected number is
Thus, the answer is D .