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2007 AMC 12B Problem 17

Problem 17 of 25IntermediateAlgebraProbability & Statistics

If aa is a nonzero integer and bb is a positive number such that ab2=log⁡10b,ab^2=\log_{10}b, what is the median of the set {0,1,a,b,1b}?\{0,1,a,b,\frac{1}{b}\}?

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Solution

For b>0,b\gt0, we have b<10b,b\lt10^b, hence log⁡10b<b.\log_{10}b\lt b. If b=1,b=1, then a=0.a=0. If b>1,b\gt1, then 0<log⁡10bb2<1,0\lt\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2}\lt1, so aa could not be an integer. Hence 0<b<1,0\lt b\lt1, so log⁡10b<0\log_{10}b\lt0 and a=log⁡10bb2<0.a=\dfrac{\log_{10}b}{b^2}\lt0. Thus a<0<b<1<1b,a\lt0\lt b\lt1\lt\dfrac1b, and the middle value of the sorted set is b.b. Thus, the correct answer is D.
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Tagged: logarithm · inequality · median (data)

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